A body
immersed in fluid experiences a buoyant force equal to the weight
of the fluid it displaces. This principle and this is known as Archimedes principle.
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Eureka!"
Once Archimedes went to tube well in fields to take a bath,
while bathing, he noticed that the level of the water in the tub rose as he got in, and
realized that this effect could be used to determine the volume of the crown. For practical purposes water is incompressible, so
the if any the object is merged into water it would displace an amount of
water equal to its own volume.
By dividing the mass of the object by the volume of water displaced,
the density of the object could be obtained.
Archimedes then ran to the streets naked, so
excited by his discovery that he had forgotten to dress himself, by shouting "Eureka!"
Eureka!” that
means 'I have found it’.
Archimedes Biography
Archimedes was born in 288
BC and died in 212 BC. He lived approximately 75 years and then He was killed in
the sack of the city. Archimedes was the most-famous mathematician and inventor
in ancient Greece.
Archimedes is especially important for his discovery of the relation
between the surface and volume of a sphere and its circumscribing cylinder.
The
relatively few copies of Archimedes' written work that survived through
the Middle Ages were an influential source of ideas for scientists
during the Renaissance, while
the discovery in 1906 of previously unknown works by Archimedes in
the Archimedes Palimpsest has provided new insights into how he obtained mathematically
results.
His murder mystery
Archimedes was contemplating
a mathematical diagram when the city was captured. A Roman soldier commanded him
to come and meet General Marcellus but he declined, saying that he had to finish
working on the problem. The soldier was enraged by this and killed Archimedes with his
sword.
Plutarch also gives a lesser-known account of the death of Archimedes which suggests that he may have been killed while attempting to surrender to a Roman soldier.
Plutarch also gives a lesser-known account of the death of Archimedes which suggests that he may have been killed while attempting to surrender to a Roman soldier.
According to this story, Archimedes was carrying mathematical instruments,
and was killed because the soldier thought that they were valuable items.
General Marcellus was reportedly angered by the death of Archimedes, as he considered him a valuable scientific asset and had ordered that he must not be harmed.
General Marcellus was reportedly angered by the death of Archimedes, as he considered him a valuable scientific asset and had ordered that he must not be harmed.
Legacy
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The Fields Medal carries a
portrait of Archimedes.
There is a crateron the Moon named Archimedes(29.7°N 4.0°W) in his honor, as well as a lunar mountain range, the Montes Archimedes (25.3°N 4.6°W).
The Fields Medal for outstanding achievement in mathematics carries a portrait of Archimedes, along with a carving illustrating his proof on the sphere and the cylinder. The inscription around the head of Archimedes is a quote attributed to him which reads in Latin: Transiresuumpectusmundoquepotiri ('Rise above oneself and grasp the world)’.
Archimedes has appeared on postage stamps issued by EastGermany (1973), Greece (1983), Italy (1983), Nicaragua (1971), San Marino(1982), and Spain (1963).
The exclamation of Eureka! attributed to Archimedes is the state motto of California. In this instance, the word refers to the discovery of gold near Sutter's Mill in 1848 which sparked the California Gold Rush.
Books Published By Archimedes
- The Works of Archimedes.
- Greek Mathematical Works, Volume II: Aristarchus to Pappus.
- Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics, a Treatise of Archimedes.
- The Works of Archimedes: Volume 1, The Two Books on the Sphere and the Cylinder: Translation and Commentary.
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