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| (EDWARD JENNER BIOGRAPHY, HISTORY OF VACCINATION, ACCOMPLISHMENTS ) |
(The deviation of man from the state in which he was originally placed by nature seems to have proved to him a prolific source of diseases)
Edward Jenner
You must have a circular
mark on your left arm. It is seen quite big on elder people's shoulders. It is
due to safety measures to protect you from life-threatening diseases. That
process is called vaccination. It was first made clear by a man, named Edward Jenner.
Introduction:
Edward Jenner born on 17
May 1749 Gloucestershire, Berkeley, United Kingdom and died on 26 January 1823
at the same place, Gloucestershire Berkeley, United Kingdom. He was English
Physician and Scientist.
Work
and Research:
Medicine, Bird Migration and Natural
History.
Excellence: He is called the
first pioneer of Smallpox vaccine, he also coined the term Vaccine and
Vaccination. According to the Telegraph, he is the "Father of
Immunology". His work saved more lives than any other human.
He was the first person who
described the "Brood Parasitism" in Cuckoo.
He was the one who explained
the mechanism of how Vaccines can work to generate immunity in vaccinated humans.
Though other scientists have performed vaccination prior to Edward Jenner like
John Fewster (by 1768), Sevel, Jensen, Jesty(1774 ) and Plett(1791)
successfully had tested Cowpox Vaccine against Smallpox in humans.
D. B. Jesty tested the
Vaccine by inoculating it into her wife and two children's body. Similar
observations were made by Jacques Antoine Rabaut Pommier in France.
Edward Jenner has got all
the credits for this Vaccination process, not others because Jenner managed to
give the reason and mechanism 'know-how' about the process of Vaccination. He gave proof that even the pus from Cowpox
infected person could create immunity against the Smallpox virus.
History
of Smallpox Vaccination:
On 14th May 1796, Edward
Jenner inoculated both arms of Jannes Phipps (eight-year-old), son of his
Gardener with pis from Cowpox blisters which he scrapped from hands of Sarah
Nelmes, who got Cowpox from a cow named Blossom. Later, Phipps developed a
fever and uneasiness but not a full infection. Edward inoculated him in routine,
no disease followed. He gave proof by
testing 23 more people including his own 11 years old son. He said people could
be inoculated from person to person not just directly from cattle. Vaccination
was accepted after passing many tests in the year 1840. And British Government
banned variolation(use of Smallpox blister to induce immunity) and provided
vaccination using Cowpox free of charge.
Accomplishments:
ü Made Mayor of Berkeley and Justice of Peace.
ü Elected member of Royal Society in the field of Zoology, 1788.
ü Elected member of Foreign Honorary Member of American Academy of Sciences, 1806.
ü President of Jennerian Society concerned with promoting vaccination to eradicate Smallpox, which was called off after 1809.
ü Member of the Medical and Chinergical Society in its founding, 1805 which is now called as Royal Society of Medicines.
ü One of the 100 Great Britons in the list of BBC, 2002.
ü Napoleon released two English Prisoners at his request, as a reward for getting all his French troops vaccinated. Napoleon also awarded Jenner a medal.
ü Edward Jenner was granted £10,000 in 1802 for his work on Vaccination.
ü He also got £20,000 in 1807 after the Royal College of Physicians confirmed the widespread efficacy of Vaccination.
Books to Understand Immunology :
ü Roitt's
Essential Immunology 13th edition By Ivan Roitt.
ü Immunology
Textbook by Owen, Punt, Stanford 7th edition.
ü Kuby
Immunology 6th edition by Kindt, Goldsby, Osborne.
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